CrystalisCrystal Dictionary

Crystalis Crystal Dictionary

Ammonite

The Keeper of Deep Time

You are mourning a version of yourself that cannot return. Ammonite leaves behind a spiral after the creature is gone, a fossil geometry sturdy enough to cross geologic time. Loss can still hand you a structure.

Intent

Protection & Grounding
Cycles & RhythmPatience & EnduranceAncestral Healing
Add to journalFind pairingsTake Sacred Match
Somatic note

Ammonite addresses the belly, diaphragm, and the body’s sense of developmental rhythm, where breath, digestion, and gradual orientation often reveal whether the system...

Overview

The heart of the entry

Grief is not always about death. Sometimes it is the life stage that cannot be reopened. The former body. The former...

Mineralogy

Variable

Ammonites are the fossilized shells of extinct marine cephalopods that lived from the Devonian through the end of the...
Ammonite specimen

Formation

How it forms

Variable system — earth conditions, structure, and place.

What your body knows

Protection & Grounding

Ammonite addresses the belly, diaphragm, and the body’s sense of developmental rhythm, where breath, digestion, and gradual orientation often reveal whether the system...

The Meaning

Ammonite in the Crystalis dictionary

Grief is not always about death. Sometimes it is the life stage that cannot be reopened. The former body. The former marriage. The old house of the self. What hurts is not only the loss, but the fear that nothing readable will remain after it.

Ammonite answers with chambered form.

Sequence. Curve. Continuity after inhabitance has ended.

The hand feels record where the mind kept insisting on absence.

Stone Lore

Stories carried through time

Cultural notes are presented as tradition and historical context — stories carried through time.

Unknown

Devonian-Cretaceous (400-66 Ma)

Living organisms. Ammonites were among the most successful marine animals in Earth's history, diversifying into thousands of species across 335 million years before total extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. - Ancient Egypt/Greece/Rome: Ammonite fossils were known and collected in antiquity. The name "ammonite" derives from the Egyptian deity Amun (also Ammon), whose ram's-horn crown resembles the coiled shell.

Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) referred to "Ammonis cornu" (horn of Ammon) in his Natural History. - Medieval Europe: Ammonites were interpreted as petrified snakes. In Whitby, Yorkshire, England, a legend attributed the "snake stones" to St. Hilda (614-680 CE), abbess of Whitby, who was said to have turned a plague of snakes to stone through prayer. Local craftspeople

Historical note

British folklore -- Snake Stones

The "snake stone" legend of Whitby is one of the most enduring examples of pre-scientific fossil interpretation. Ammonites (particularly Dactylioceras and Hildoceras from the Jurassic Whitby Mudstone Formation) were believed to be snakes...

Unknown

Historical note

Hindu tradition -- Shaligrama

Shaligrama stones occupy a unique position at the intersection of paleontology and living religion. The black ammonite fossils from the Kali Gandaki Gorge (specifically from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Spiti Shale and overlying...

Unknown

Ritual history

Blackfoot/Indigenous Canadian tradition

The Blackfoot people of Alberta called ammonite fossils "iniskim" (buffalo stones) and considered certain specimens to have sacred power related to the bison hunt. While the term "iniskim" more commonly refers to baculite (straight-shelled...

Unknown

Earth Record

Mineralogy and formation

Ammonites are the fossilized shells of extinct marine cephalopods that lived from the Devonian through the end of the Cretaceous, a span of roughly 340 million years. The original aragonite shell is replaced molecule by molecule during fossilization, with calcite, pyrite, or silica taking the place of biological material while preserving the logarithmic spiral structure. That spiral follows a mathematical ratio close to the golden mean.

Some specimens undergo opalescent replacement, producing ammolite (gem-quality iridescent material from Alberta, Canada). The animals themselves were predators with complex nervous systems, jet propulsion, and the ability to regulate their buoyancy through gas-filled chambers in the shell.

Variable structure

Chemical Formula
Varies by mineralization:
Crystal System
Variable
Mohs Hardness
3
Specific Gravity
Varies widely: Calcite ammonite (~2.7), Pyrite ammonite (~5.0), Opal ammonite (~2.1)
Luster
Varies by replacement: vitreous (calcite), metallic (pyrite), waxy/resinous (opal), vitreous (quartz)
Color
Brown
IMA Status
fossil
IMA Number
Not IMA-approved
01

Mineral conditions gather

02

Structure begins to crystallize

03

Ammonite records place and pressure

MoroccoMadagascarCanada (Alberta)

Telling it apart

Ammonite is routinely confused with nautilus shell, carved stone spirals, and ammolite jewelry material, even though those are not the same thing. The definitive indicator is structure: a real ammonite shows chambered internal partitions and suture lines along the shell, while a modern nautilus has a different shell architecture and most carved imitations have no internal chamber pattern at all.

Hardness and composition vary because ammonites are fossils replaced by calcite, pyrite, quartz, or opal, so the shape and septa matter more than one universal number. Genuine ammonites usually have ribbed coiled shells, visible compartment walls in cross section, and natural matrix or mineral replacement textures. Fake spirals often look too smooth, too symmetrical, or artificially polished without any septa.

Ammolite is the iridescent shell layer from certain ammonites, not every ammonite fossil. If the piece is sold as a crystal species, that is already inaccurate because ammonite is a fossil form, not one mineral. Safety is the reason the practical consequence is that fossil authenticity affects value, legality of export in some regions, and whether the holder is buying paleontology or decorative carving.

Spotting the real thing

Ammonite authenticity depends on the replacement mineral. Check for: natural spiral chamber geometry (septa should be visible). Weight varies dramatically by replacement mineral (calcite vs pyrite vs opal).

Ammolite (gem-quality iridescent) specimens should show play of color from aragonite layers, not surface coating. Reconstructed ammonites (pieced together from fragments) are common and should be disclosed.

Cross-referenceMindat ↗

Energetic Associations

How people most often work with Ammonite

Protection & Grounding

Used as a reminder to keep boundaries clear while staying present in the body.

Cycles & Rhythm

A traditional association that gives Ammonite a clear intention pathway in practice.

Patience & Endurance

A traditional association that gives Ammonite a clear intention pathway in practice.

Ancestral Healing

Used as a companion for slow repair, honest feeling, and gentleness around loss.

Primary pathway: Protection & Boundaries

Inner PeaceLove & ConnectionProtection

Settled & connected

Full-contact protocols safe. Body layouts, hand-held meditation, grid work, proximity placement. Indirect method for gem water.

Pyrite ammonite: Display-only or very brief handling. Store dry. No water. Ammolite: Display and visual meditation. Handle set jewelry normally. Raw material is too fragile for body layouts. Shaligrama: Treat according to Hindu protocol or respectfully decline to work with it if unfamiliar with the tradition.

These associations come from tradition and reflective practice — a way of working with the stone, not a medical prescription.

Somatic Practice

Simple ways to work with Ammonite

Hold

Carry Ammonite in a pocket or place it over the heart center during a pause.

Meditate

Let the stone become a quiet tactile anchor while the breath slows.

Breathe

Breathe in softness. Breathe out tension. Keep the practice simple.

Journal

Write with Ammonite nearby to name the feeling without forcing a conclusion.

Bodywork

Rest the stone near the chest, hand, or bedside as a reminder to soften.

Environment

Place it where you want a visual cue for care, repair, or steadiness.

Field Instruction

The Spiral Record

Hold deep time in your hand. The spiral remembers what the ocean forgot.

5 min protocol
  1. 1

    Place the ammonite flat on a surface in front of you. Sit with both feet on the floor, hands on your thighs. Before touching it, look at the spiral. This is not a crystal — it is a fossil, the mineralized shell of a cephalopod that lived 65 to 400 million years ago. The original aragonite shell has been replaced, molecule by molecule, by calcite, pyrite, opal, or quartz. The animal is gone. The geometry remains. Trace the spiral with your eyes from the outer edge inward. (0:00–1:00)

  2. 2

    Pick up the ammonite. It is heavier than expected — stone has replaced shell. Feel the ridges of the septa, the chamber walls that once held air and fluid to control buoyancy. Each chamber was sealed as the animal grew. Run your thumb along the suture lines. These are the boundaries between what was and what came next. (1:00–2:00)

  3. 3

    Hold the ammonite against your belly, spiral facing outward. Close your eyes. Breathe in for 4, out for 7. The spiral is a logarithmic curve — the same geometry found in hurricanes, galaxies, and the cochlea of your inner ear. Your body already knows this shape. Let the weight of the fossil press gently against your center. Notice what arises when you hold something that outlasted its own species. (2:00–3:30)

  4. 4

    Eyes still closed. Ask: what am I building that will outlast the version of me that built it? The ammonite did not know it was making a fossil. It was making a home. Sit with whatever that question brings. No answer required. (3:30–4:15)

  5. 5

    Open your eyes. Place the ammonite back on the surface, spiral facing up. Press both palms flat on your thighs for five seconds, then release. You have held deep time. Return to shallow time. Done. (4:15–5:00)

Stone Intelligence

The fact that makes Ammonite memorable

Ammonite left behind a spiral after the creature that built it disappeared 66 million years ago. The shell is gone, replaced atom by atom with calcite, pyrite, or opal, but the geometry survived. The science documents how biological architecture persists through total chemical replacement.

The practice asks what remains of you after everything that built you has been transformed.

SCI

Fossil evidence for Paleocene diversification of Araceae: <i>Bognerospadix</i> gen. nov. and <i>Orontiophyllum grandifolium</i> comb. nov.

American Journal of Botany · 2021Read source

SCI

Small rails from the late Quaternary of the Southern High Plains and their palaeoenvironmental context

Ibis · 2023Read source

SCI

Lower Gondwana palaeobotany and geochemistry of phosphorite occurrence in the north‐western part of Ib‐River Coalfield, Odisha, India, and their implications

Geological Journal · 2024Read source

SCI

Lower Gondwana megaflora, palynoflora, and biomarkers from Jagannath Colliery, Talcher Basin, Odisha, India, and its biostratigraphic significance

Geological Journal · 2021Read source

Ritual Use

From reference to practice

Ammonite in ritual practice

The ammonite's spiral form. the logarithmic spiral or Fibonacci-approximate spiral. is one of the most fundamental geometric patterns in nature, found in hurricanes, galaxies, sunflower heads, and nautilus shells. The visual encounter with this form engages the nervous system's pattern-recognition architecture at a deep level, triggering what can be described as "recognition without naming".

the soma registers the pattern as familiar and fundamental before the cognitive mind classifies it. This is an entrainment effect: the spiral guides the eye through a predictable but ever-changing curve, creating a gentle oscillation between prediction and novelty that can synchronize with parasympathetic rhythms.

- For states of temporal disorientation. feeling cut off from time, from continuity, from the sense that one is part of a larger process. The ammonite IS deep time made tangible: 100+ million years compressed into a handheld object. - For grounding in evolutionary context. when the nervous system is overwhelmed by the speed and scale of modern life, contact with something that is genuinely ancient can provide scale perspective (what ancient contemplative traditions call "sub specie aeternitatis") - For spiral-breath meditation: using the visual spiral as a guide for inhale-hold-exhale cycles, tracing the spiral inward on inhale and outward on exhale - For transitions and threshold moments (the ammonite is itself a record of transition.

growth, adaptation, and ultimately extinction) - Safe for body layouts (calcite and silicified specimens)

- Pyritized specimens: display only (see safety flags above) - Not for acute trauma states where the enormity of geological time might feel destabilizing rather than grounding (assess individually) - Shaligrama stones that are active objects of worship should be respected as such. do not casually repurpose someone else's sacred object for somatic practice. If working with a shaligrama, honor the tradition it comes from.

Calcite/Silicified ammonite: Full-contact protocols safe. Body layouts, hand-held meditation, grid work, proximity placement. Indirect method for gem water. Pyrite ammonite: Display-only or very brief handling. Store dry. No water. Ammolite: Display and visual meditation. Handle set jewelry normally. Raw material is too fragile for body layouts. Shaligrama: Treat according to Hindu protocol or respectfully decline to work with it if unfamiliar with the tradition.

Sacred Match

Sacred Match prescribes Ammonite when you report:

grieving a life stage that is over reaching for an old identity that no longer fits chest ache around irreversible change feeling hollow after a major shedding needing form after loss

Sacred Match prescribes through physiological diagnosis, not preference. It queries whether loss has moved through the body, stalled inside it, or stripped structure without replacing it. When that triangulation reveals grief cycling between sympathetic protest and dorsal emptiness, Ammonite enters the protocol. This is the match for bereavement of self, where what is gone cannot be restored and the nervous system keeps searching anyway.

Ammonite is prescribed when the body needs evidence that disappearance and structure can coexist, that something can be transformed beyond recognition and still leave behind a usable shape.

Grieving a life stage -> attachment rupture -> seeking a form sturdy enough to survive change Reaching backward -> identity persistence reflex -> seeking acceptance of irreversibility Chest ache -> active mourning physiology -> seeking containment for grief Feeling hollow -> dorsal vacancy after loss -> seeking internal architecture Needing form -> post-loss disorganization -> seeking the next structure that can hold you

Take Sacred Match

Pairings Recipe File

Stones and herbs that harmonize with Ammonite

Crystalis crystal and herb pairing recipe box
Pairings are treated like a recipe file: clear use, method, and safety.

Crystal Companion

Ammonite + Amethyst

Use when
You want to layer the primary intention with another supportive tone.
How to work with it
Place the stones together during meditation, journaling, or a short reset.
Safety
Use as a reflective practice tool, not as a medical substitute.

Crystal Companion

Ammonite + Rhodonite

Use when
You want to layer the primary intention with another supportive tone.
How to work with it
Place the stones together during meditation, journaling, or a short reset.
Safety
Use as a reflective practice tool, not as a medical substitute.

Crystal Companion

Ammonite + Clear Quartz

Use when
You want to layer the primary intention with another supportive tone.
How to work with it
Place the stones together during meditation, journaling, or a short reset.
Safety
Use as a reflective practice tool, not as a medical substitute.

Crystal Companion

Ammonite + Black Tourmaline

Use when
You want to layer the primary intention with another supportive tone.
How to work with it
Place the stones together during meditation, journaling, or a short reset.
Safety
Use as a reflective practice tool, not as a medical substitute.

Petrified Wood The Deep-Time Ground. Ammonite carries the shape of what is gone but still structurally present. Petrified wood adds steadiness, patience, and the sense of staying rooted through change. For grief, aging, and identity transitions that feel irreversible. It is especially grounding when loss has altered the timeline and the sense of who the practitioner were supposed to be. Place ammonite on the lower abdomen and petrified wood at the feet.

Smoky Quartz The Grief Spiral Exit. Ammonite works well with cyclical processing. Smoky quartz keeps the cycle from becoming a loop with no landing place. Best suited to people revisiting the same loss from different angles. Hold ammonite in the left hand and smoky quartz in the right during exhale-focused breathing.

Labradorite The New Self, Old Shell. Ammonite honors what cannot return. Labradorite supports who is emerging now. Works for major reinvention after endings, divorce, recovery, or career change. Place ammonite at the solar plexus and labradorite at the throat or brow.

Black Tourmaline The Fossil Anchor. Ammonite can open long-range reflection that drifts into sadness or detachment. Black tourmaline keeps the body in present time. Most helpful for memory work that needs firm grounding. Place black tourmaline at the feet and set ammonite on the lap while seated.

Care & Cleansing

How to keep Ammonite in good condition

Water Safe?

Use caution

Brief contact may be tolerated, but softness, coatings, fractures, or mixed mineral content can make water exposure a risk.

Sunlight Safe?

Sunlight safe

Tolerates daylight; safe to charge or display in the sun.

Authenticity

What to check

Natural Ammonite should usually feel cooler than plastic or resin on first touch and warm more slowly in the hand.

Safety depends entirely on the replacement mineral:

Calcite-replaced ammonite: - Safe for handling. Calcite is non-toxic. - Water-sensitive: calcite is soluble in acidic water. Do not use in acidic gem water preparations. Prolonged water immersion can dissolve surface detail. - Mohs hardness 3. soft; scratches easily. - Sun-safe.

Pyrite-replaced ammonite: - CAUTION: Pyrite disease/decay. Pyrite (FeS2) is unstable under humid conditions and can decompose through oxidation to form sulfuric acid and iron sulfate ("pyrite disease" or "pyrite rot"). This is a museum conservation concern: pyritized fossils stored in humid conditions can self-destruct over years to decades, producing sulfurous odors and corrosive fluids.

- Store in dry conditions (relative humidity below 50%). Silica gel packets recommended. - Pyrite dust is a mild respiratory irritant. Handle with care; do not grind or scrape. - Do NOT use in water. Iron sulfide + water + oxygen = sulfuric acid production. - Iron sulfide itself is not acutely toxic at handling levels, but chronic dust exposure is inadvisable.

Opalized ammonite: - Safe for handling. Opal is non-toxic. - Water-sensitive: Opal is a hydrated mineral and can crack (craze) if rapidly dehydrated. Avoid prolonged direct sunlight, heat, and dry storage conditions. Some opalized fossils benefit from occasional very brief water exposure to maintain hydration, but this varies by specimen. - Fragile: opal is Mohs 5.5-6.5 and brittle.

Ammolite (preserved aragonite): - Safe for handling in jeweler-set pieces (typically stabilized with resin or covered with protective layers). - Raw ammolite is extremely fragile (thin nacreous layers) and can delaminate. - Water-sensitive: aragonite dissolves in acidic water. - Sun sensitivity: prolonged UV exposure may degrade the organic conchiolin layers in the nacre.

General: - No toxicity concerns for any standard ammonite fossil at handling levels. - No elixir use recommended for pyritized specimens. - Calcite and opal specimens can be used for indirect gem water methods.

Temperature

Natural Ammonite should usually feel cooler than plastic or resin on first touch and warm more slowly in the hand.

Scratch logic

Use 3 on the Mohs scale as the check, not internet myths. A real specimen should behave in line with the hardness listed above.

Surface and luster

Look for a varies by replacement: vitreous (calcite), metallic (pyrite), waxy/resinous (opal), vitreous (quartz) surface quality rather than a painted or plastic shine.

Weight and density

The listed specific gravity is Varies widely: Calcite ammonite (~2.7), Pyrite ammonite (~5.0), Opal ammonite (~2.1). If a specimen feels unusually light for its size, it may deserve a second look.

My Field Guide

Your private record and next steps

Crystalis field notebook with botanical sketches and rose quartz

Journal

Add this stone to your private collection, then log what happened when you worked with it.

Shared Notes

Read public practice logs and pattern notes from the Crystalis community.

Open shared notes

Sacred Match

Find crystal, herb, and intention pairings that resonate with your season.

Find your match

Shop Ammonite

Explore intentionally selected pieces for ritual, emotional repair, and self-love work.

Shop collection

Community field notes

No shared notes under Ammonite yet.

When members save a public field note for this stone, it will appear here.

Frequently Asked

Questions people ask about Ammonite

What is Ammonite?

Ammonite is classified as a N/A (fossil); classified biologically as Cephalopoda, subclass Ammonoidea. Chemical formula: Varies by mineralization:. Mohs hardness: Varies: Calcite (3), Pyrite (6-6.5), Opal (5.5-6.5), Quartz (7). Crystal system: Depends on replacement mineral.

What is the Mohs hardness of Ammonite?

Ammonite has a Mohs hardness of Varies: Calcite (3), Pyrite (6-6.5), Opal (5.5-6.5), Quartz (7).

Can Ammonite go in water?

Opal is a hydrated mineral and can crack (craze) if rapidly dehydrated. Avoid prolonged direct sunlight, heat, and dry storage conditions. Some opalized fossils benefit from occasional very brief water exposure to maintain hydration, but this varies by specimen.

What crystal system is Ammonite?

Ammonite crystallizes in the Depends on replacement mineral.

What is the chemical formula of Ammonite?

The chemical formula of Ammonite is Varies by mineralization:.

Where is Ammonite found?

- Whitby, Yorkshire, England (Jurassic; famous "snake stone" locality; Dactylioceras and Hildoceras) - Lyme Regis, Dorset, England (Jurassic; Mary Anning's collecting grounds) - Madagascar (Cretaceous; large, well-preserved Cleoniceras; prolific commercial source) - Morocco (Devonian and Cretaceous; polished ammonite slabs; Goniatites and Cleoniceras) - Alberta, Canada (Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation; source of ammolite gem material from Placenticeras) - Volga River region, Russia (Jurassic; large Virgatites and other genera) - South Dakota, USA (Cretaceous; Baculites and Placenticeras from the Pierre Shale) - Coober Pedy, Australia (opalized ammonites and other fossils) - Solnhofen, Germany (Jurassic; exceptional preservation in lithographic limestone) - Kali Gandaki River, Nepal (source of Hindu shaligrama stones) ---

Is Ammonite toxic?

- Safe for handling. Opal is non-toxic.

How does Ammonite form?

Ammonites were marine cephalopod mollusks that flourished from the Devonian period (approximately 400 million years ago) through the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 million years ago). Their chambered shells, built of aragonite (the orthorhombic polymorph of calcium carbonate) secreted by the mantle, are among the most abundant and widely distributed fossils in the geological record. The shells are composed of nacre (mother-of-pearl) — thin alternating layers of aragonite platelets and organ

Sources & Citations

Where this entry can be checked

Crystalis source notebook and citation desk

Back Matter

Readable for people. Structured for AI search.

Sources stay visible in the page so readers, search engines, and answer systems can follow the evidence trail.
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    SCI

    Fossil evidence for Paleocene diversification of Araceae: <i>Bognerospadix</i> gen. nov. and <i>Orontiophyllum grandifolium</i> comb. nov.

    Stockey, Ruth A., Hoffman, Georgia L., Rothwell, Gar W. (2021). Fossil evidence for Paleocene diversification of Araceae: <i>Bognerospadix</i> gen. nov. and <i>Orontiophyllum grandifolium</i> comb. nov. American Journal of Botany. [SCI]DOI 10.1002/ajb2.1707
  2. 02

    SCI

    Small rails from the late Quaternary of the Southern High Plains and their palaeoenvironmental context

    Moretti, John A., Johnson, Eileen. (2023). Small rails from the late Quaternary of the Southern High Plains and their palaeoenvironmental context. Ibis. [SCI]DOI 10.1111/ibi.13212
  3. 03

    SCI

    Lower Gondwana palaeobotany and geochemistry of phosphorite occurrence in the north‐western part of Ib‐River Coalfield, Odisha, India, and their implications

    Goswami, Shreerup, Swain, Ramani Ranjan, Aggarwal, Neha, Pradhan, Sanghamitra, Tripathi, Maya et al. (2024). Lower Gondwana palaeobotany and geochemistry of phosphorite occurrence in the north‐western part of Ib‐River Coalfield, Odisha, India, and their implications. Geological Journal. [SCI]DOI 10.1002/gj.5029
  4. 04

    SCI

    Lower Gondwana megaflora, palynoflora, and biomarkers from Jagannath Colliery, Talcher Basin, Odisha, India, and its biostratigraphic significance

    Patel, Roshni, Goswami, Shreerup, Aggarwal, Neha, Mathews, Runcie Paul. (2021). Lower Gondwana megaflora, palynoflora, and biomarkers from Jagannath Colliery, Talcher Basin, Odisha, India, and its biostratigraphic significance. Geological Journal. [SCI]DOI 10.1002/gj.4318
  5. 05

    SCI

    New record of <i><scp>E</scp>gertonia</i> (<scp>E</scp>lopiformes, <scp>P</scp>hyllodontidae) from the <scp>L</scp>ate <scp>C</scp>retaceous of <scp>S</scp>outh <scp>I</scp>ndia

    Halliday, Thomas J. D., Cuff, Andrew R., Prasad, Guntupalli V. R., Thanglemmoi, Mechek S., Goswami, Anjali. (2016). New record of <i><scp>E</scp>gertonia</i> (<scp>E</scp>lopiformes, <scp>P</scp>hyllodontidae) from the <scp>L</scp>ate <scp>C</scp>retaceous of <scp>S</scp>outh <scp>I</scp>ndia. Papers in Palaeontology. [SCI]DOI 10.1002/spp2.1040
  6. 06

    SCI

    Macroscopic fossils from the Chuanlinggou Formation of North China: evidence for an earlier origin of multicellular algae in the late Palaeoproterozoic

    Liu, Jingqi, Zhang, Yang, Shi, Xiaoying, Chen, Anfeng, Tang, Dongjie et al. (2023). Macroscopic fossils from the Chuanlinggou Formation of North China: evidence for an earlier origin of multicellular algae in the late Palaeoproterozoic. Palaeontology. [SCI]DOI 10.1111/pala.12685
  7. 07

    SCI

    The complex role of microbial metabolic activity in fossilization

    Janssen, Kathrin, Mähler, Bastian, Rust, Jes, Bierbaum, Gabriele, McCoy, Victoria E. (2021). The complex role of microbial metabolic activity in fossilization. Biological Reviews. [SCI]DOI 10.1111/brv.12806
  8. 08

    SCI

    Recent advances in heteromorph ammonoid palaeobiology

    Hoffmann, René, Slattery, Joshua S., Kruta, Isabelle, Linzmeier, Benjamin J., Lemanis, Robert E. et al. (2021). Recent advances in heteromorph ammonoid palaeobiology. Biological Reviews. [SCI]DOI 10.1111/brv.12669
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    SCI

    A new cockroach (Blattodea, Rhipidoblattinidae) from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Alderton Hill, Gloucestershire, <scp>UK</scp> , and the earliest likely occurrence of aposematic colouration in cockroaches

    Swaby, Emily J., Coe, Angela L., Ross, Andrew J. (2024). A new cockroach (Blattodea, Rhipidoblattinidae) from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Alderton Hill, Gloucestershire, <scp>UK</scp> , and the earliest likely occurrence of aposematic colouration in cockroaches. Papers in Palaeontology. [SCI]DOI 10.1002/spp2.1598
  10. 10

    HIST

    Naturalis Historia, Book 37

    Pliny the Elder. Naturalis Historia, Book 37. [HIST]
  11. 11

    LORE

    Archaeologically Recovered Ammonites: Evidence for Long-Term Continuity in Nitsitapii Ritual

    Trevor R. Peck. (2002). Archaeologically Recovered Ammonites: Evidence for Long-Term Continuity in Nitsitapii Ritual. [LORE]DOI doi:10.1080/2052546.2002.11949237
  12. 12

    SCI

    Untitled source

    . [SCI]DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2451.2011.00777.x